Friday, November 8, 2019

Test Bias



The Black-White Test Score Gap written by Christopher Jencks and edited by Meredith Phillips shed light and much-needed perspective on a sensitive issue with the American education system-- standardized testing as it relates to race in America. For years, people argued that standardized testing has been an illegitimate and unequal source of academic measurement in the United States. Historically, different forms of testing in American culture and society have included elements of bias, thus benefiting White Americans and disadvantaging people of color across lines of racial difference (ex. Voter literacy tests). 

The legitimacy of standardized testing as it relates to the Black community has been challenged many times. Many people standardized tests to be historically racially biased, with the pendulum swinging in the direction of white Americans. Jencks’s writes that test bias is perpetuated in the following regards: Labeling Bias, Content Bias, Methodological Bias, Prediction Bias, and Selection System Bias. Jenck’s explains the fore-mentioned categories of test bias in the following regards:
  • Labeling Bias: When a test claims to measure one thing but really measures something else.
  • Content Bias: When a test contains questions, that favors one group over another.
  • Methodological Bias: When [one] access(es) mastery of some skill or body of information in a way that underestimates the competence of one group relative to another.
  • Prediction Bias: When a test’s use has different implications for different groups
  • Selection System Bias: When a person is selected solely based on their test-taking aptitude, rather than other relevant skills. 
Test bias as it relates to the American standardized testing system one of the things that gives white Americans an advantage over Black Americans. This extends beyond the American Education System into many other facets of life, oppression, and injustice in America.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Informal Teacher Evaluations in Baltimore City


There is a lot of talk within Baltimore City Public Schools around the change in the teacher evaluation system. North Avenue administrators are planning to move forward with a revision to the existing teacher evaluation model by implementing unannounced formal observations. The concept of implementing unannounced formal observations is that administrators seek to gain an authentic look into classrooms, learning, and management operations.However, teachers are anticipating that the plan may do more damage than good by working to undermine and penalize teachers without quality preparation and support.

Currently, the model includes a pre- and post- conference between administrators and teachers. The pre- conference provides teachers with adequate support by informing teachers on “look-fors” or aspects of the instructional framework that will be emphasized and used as a rubric. Additionally, admin provide teachers with feedback based on things that have been observed in their current practice. Teachers are prepared with the time and date of their evaluation to properly prepare their instructional lesson and their students leading up to the lesson. One reason why the pre-conference is essential is that these “look-fors”  and preliminary feedback allow teachers to properly prepare, adjust, and segment prior lessons to achieve instructional outcomes, according to the plan. Additionally, the post-conference provides space for teachers and administrators to discuss the outcomes and justifications for the evaluator's scores.

During September’s board meeting at North Avenue, one conversational point that was brought up and is worth strong consideration is simple-- kids. My administration makes a huge emphasis on cultivating strong culture and climate within our classroom space; however, they make minimal effort to include themselves in our classroom spaces (in a non-punitive way) on a routine basis. Students deserve to be included and clued in on the fact that “strangers”-- albeit administrators-- will be entering our classroom and the space that we have cultivated together. It’s important to consider how changes like this may impact student engagement and student performance. For example, when my administration enters the classroom for any form of an observation-- formal or informal-- they make it a point to involve themselves in my students’ work without any form of consent or acknowledgement towards my students' needs. Many students only associate administration with trouble because this is the only time in which they see them. On several occasions some of my English-language learners have expressed some level of discomfort with this, as they were not aware that others were entering the room-- neither was I. As a teacher, I don’t want my student’s engagement, effort, comfort, or learning to be compromised at the hands of a poorly devised plan.

The implementation of “surprise” observations could potentially create a punitive developmental structure that affects professional development and salary. Baltimore City Public Schools is one of the only school districts that connects it’s teacher evaluation to its salary scales. Therefore, teacher evaluations hold more weight than just feedback on one’s instructional practice; they determine one’s livelihood. Unannounced formal observations are likely to shift the dynamics of climate and culture across schools in the district dramatically as they instill a sense of timidness in teachers across the district. Teachers should not be made to feel fearful about the outcomes of unexpected observations nor should our instructional practice be holistically evaluated based on a random 75 minute period.

The district lacks a sustainable and strategic model that works to provide effective and consistent coaching to better develop teachers. Implementing one aspect of the plan without considering the need for the others is impractical and irresponsible.