Saturday, October 8, 2016

Clashes of Culture: Racial Tensions in Integrating Schools

The Hair I Wear, The Skin I’m In: This Is Me. Please, Let Me Be.

Earlier this summer, students at the Pretoria High School for Girls clustered outside of their school’s towering gates to protest the school’s code of conduct that placed stringent limits on the ways in which the girls could wear their natural hair.

Several students reporting being ordered by school staff members to “fix” their hair. The recommended fixes—chemical straighteners and hot combs—were embarrassing and degrading to the African girls who perceived the school’s code of conduct as an obstruction of their cultural expression and identity. In an interview with NPR, Tiisetso Phetla, a recent graduate of the school, recounted how girls could be removed from class or excluded from assemblies as punishment for wearing their hair in an afro, “It was very difficult because they tell you that either you look barbaric or… to remove that nest off your head.”

Founded in 1902, the Pretoria High School for Girls, was an all-white school under apartheid, admitting its “first black, non-diplomatic pupils” in 1991. Phetla laments, “So you'd always be on the short end of the stick as a black child in the school or a mixed-race child because you were never included in the blueprint of the school when it started.” When girls at the school grew frustrated with the school’s attempt to dictate their hair in addition to discouraging them from speaking their native African languages, students began staging protests. The protests quickly went viral, sparking a national debate about the subtle and unsubtle ways that blacks are forced to conform to white culture.

After thousands signed an online petition supporting the Pretoria students, the head of the province’s education department organized meetings with students, parents and staff to address the students’ concerns. Soon after, the department ordered the suspension of the school’s controversial hairstyle code of conduct clause.

A Model For Baltimore City and County Schools

Multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of diversity on decreasing the achievement gap between minority and white student groups. However, integration is challenging and for schools strategizing new ways to compensate for increased minority enrollment, dialogue has proven to be a powerful tool for exploration and reconciliation.

Schools like Digital Harbor High in Baltimore City is one example of how thoughtful dialogue can be used as an vulnerary instrument in schools where shifting demographics lead to racial tensions. In 2014, the school’s growing Latino immigrant population faced ongoing conflict with the school’s dominant African American population. The mounting tension exploded into a weeklong procession of violence that culminated with the death of a student.

The following year, the school, along with a local Latino group called CASA de Maryland, started a program called SPIRIT to bring students together to find common ground, embrace their differences, and get to know each other. The group opens with an icebreaker before students begin answering questions about themselves that lead to honest dialogue about the students’ unique experiences and their perspectives on the challenges they face. So far, SPIRIT appears to be working and Digital Harbor High hopes to expand the model to other schools.

Final Thought

For those of us who champion integration and believe in its efficacy, we must also champion dialogue. When minority student groups enter schools with fixed cultures, rules, and social norms, there must be a safe space for those students to meet with their peers as well as stakeholders to raise their voices, questions, and concerns. Integration cannot be oversimplified and race relations cannot be overlooked. When a school’s demographics begin to shift, so should the school’s resources and staff, and ostensibly, so should its rules and policies.

From South Africa to Baltimore, Maryland, the effect of open dialogue between students, parents, and administrators is understanding, compromise and reconciliation. If Baltimore hopes to become a successful center of education, it must not look past integration and it must not neglect the dialogue that needs to accompany it. We must act before the protests erupt, before the violence catalyzes, before the lives are lost to create a culture of inclusion in our schools.

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1 comment:

Teacher said...


There was a big controversy over some similar no natural hair policies developed at Butler High in Louisville Kentucky this year, just last month.
http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/high-schools-natural-hair-ban-sparks-national-debate-42104581